Gallipoli

The wrong beach, or the right one — historians still argue. This cove is where the word "Anzac" entered the world, at dawn on 25 April 1915.

Australian and New Zealand troops came ashore here before dawn on 25 April 1915, north of the flat beach the plan had called for. General Birdwood recommended the name "Anzac Cove" on 29 April; Türkiye formally recognised it in 1985. Eight months of trench deadlock on cliffs never meant to hold an army followed, ending in a night evacuation that cost almost no lives at all.

Named for a single surviving pine. Now the largest cemetery on the peninsula — 1,167 graves, most of them unnamed.

Australia's 1st Division took this Ottoman ridge — Kanlı Sırt, "Bloody Ridge," to the Turks — on 6 August 1915 after close-quarters fighting in roofed trenches, and held it against counter-attacks until 10 August. Australian casualties reached 2,277; Ottoman losses are estimated at 5,000–7,000. Seven Victoria Crosses were awarded here, four in a single battalion.

The one hilltop that could have decided the campaign. New Zealand held it a day; Mustafa Kemal took it back, and with it, his future.

New Zealand's Wellington Battalion reached this summit before dawn on 8 August 1915 — the only Allied unit to hold the campaign's real objective, overlooking both the Aegean and the Dardanelles Narrows. Relief troops lost it to an Ottoman counter-attack on 10 August, led by Lieutenant-Colonel Mustafa Kemal, later Atatürk. Allied casualties in the battle ran to 12,000–13,000; Ottoman losses around 9,200.

Four 42-metre legs holding a concrete roof over nothing — Türkiye's national monument to a battle that turned a general into a president.

Designed after a 1944 competition and built between 1954 and 1960 on Hisarlık Hill above Morto Bay, this monument commemorates roughly 253,000 Turkish soldiers who fought the Gallipoli campaign. It appeared on the 500,000-lira banknote from 1993 to 2005 and remains the primary site of the annual 18 March Çanakkale Victory and Martyrs' Day state ceremony.

"I am not ordering you to attack, I am ordering you to die." The regiment obeyed — this is where Türkiye remembers that it did.

On the morning of 25 April 1915, with ammunition low and reinforcements hours away, Lieutenant-Colonel Mustafa Kemal ordered the Ottoman 57th Infantry Regiment to hold its ground against the Anzac landing at any cost. In nine days it lost 25 officers and 1,817 men — roughly half its strength — but held, was reinforced, and fought on for years afterward. This memorial, opened 1992, commemorates that stand by name.